{
  "events": [
    {
      "date": "2025-02-01",
      "title": "IEEPA Tariffs Announced",
      "description": "President Trump declares national emergency on fentanyl and migration, invokes IEEPA to impose 10% tariff on China, 25% on Canada and Mexico.",
      "status": "enacted"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-02-04",
      "title": "Canada & Mexico Tariffs Take Effect",
      "description": "25% tariffs on Canadian and Mexican goods begin. Both countries announce retaliatory measures.",
      "status": "enacted"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-03-04",
      "title": "China IEEPA Tariffs Doubled",
      "description": "IEEPA tariff on China increased from 10% to 20%, stacking on top of existing 301 tariffs.",
      "status": "enacted"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-04-02",
      "title": "Liberation Day",
      "description": "Trump announces sweeping 'reciprocal' tariffs under IEEPA: 10% baseline on all countries, with higher rates for 57 nations. China hit with additional 34% (total 54% including prior tariffs).",
      "status": "enacted"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-04-09",
      "title": "90-Day Pause (Partial)",
      "description": "After market turmoil, Trump pauses higher reciprocal tariffs for 90 days for most countries, but raises China tariff to 145%.",
      "status": "modified"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-05-12",
      "title": "Geneva Agreement with China",
      "description": "US and China agree to reduce tariffs. US lowers China tariff to 30% for 90-day negotiation window.",
      "status": "modified"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-07-08",
      "title": "Reciprocal Tariffs Resume",
      "description": "90-day pause expires. Higher reciprocal tariffs reimposed on most countries at Liberation Day rates.",
      "status": "enacted"
    },
    {
      "date": "2025-12-15",
      "title": "Court of International Trade Rules",
      "description": "CIT rules IEEPA tariffs exceed presidential authority. Issues injunction on collection.",
      "status": "challenged"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-01-22",
      "title": "Supreme Court Agrees to Hear Case",
      "description": "SCOTUS grants cert on expedited basis in Cargo Logistics v. United States.",
      "status": "challenged"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03-10",
      "title": "Supreme Court Strikes Down IEEPA Tariffs",
      "description": "In 6-3 decision, Court rules IEEPA does not authorize tariffs on imports. Tariffs imposed since February 2025 under IEEPA authority are void.",
      "status": "struck_down"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03-11",
      "title": "Refund Estimates Emerge",
      "description": "Customs and Border Protection estimates $175 billion in tariff duties collected under IEEPA authority must be refunded to importers.",
      "status": "aftermath"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03-15",
      "title": "Pivot to Section 122",
      "description": "White House announces it will invoke Section 122 of the Trade Act of 1974 to reimpose temporary tariffs of up to 15% for 150 days while seeking Congressional authorization.",
      "status": "pivot"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-02-24",
      "title": "Section 122 Tariffs Take Effect at 10%",
      "description": "10% Section 122 tariff takes effect on approximately $1.2 trillion of imports, replacing struck-down IEEPA tariffs. 150-day clock begins.",
      "status": "enacted"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-03-05",
      "title": "CIT Rules All Importers Entitled to IEEPA Refunds",
      "description": "Judge Richard Eaton of the Court of International Trade rules all importers of record are entitled to benefit from the Supreme Court ruling striking down IEEPA tariffs.",
      "status": "aftermath"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-04-08",
      "title": "Section 122 Tariff Increase to 15% Announced",
      "description": "Treasury Secretary Bessent announces the Section 122 tariff will rise from 10% to 15%. USTR and Commerce Department conducting trade studies that could enable additional tariffs under other authorities.",
      "status": "escalation"
    },
    {
      "date": "2026-04-15",
      "title": "Penn Wharton: ETR at 8.9%, $224.8B Collected",
      "description": "Penn Wharton Budget Model reports effective tariff rate of 8.9% through February 2026. China faces 31.6% effective rate. New tariffs have raised $224.8B since Jan 2025. USMCA exemption usage surged to 86.3%.",
      "status": "data_update"
    }
  ],
  "financials": {
    "totalCollectedUnderIEEPA": 175000000000,
    "estimatedRefund": 175000000000,
    "dailyRevenueLost": 480000000,
    "importersAffected": "over 300,000 businesses",
    "source": "CBP estimates, Congressional Budget Office, March 2026"
  },
  "constitutionalIssues": [
    "IEEPA grants emergency economic powers but does not explicitly mention tariffs",
    "Article I, Section 8 grants Congress the power to lay and collect duties",
    "Court found tariffs are a 'regulation of trade' not an 'economic sanction'",
    "Separation of powers: Congress cannot delegate unlimited tariff authority",
    "Non-delegation doctrine limits breadth of emergency powers",
    "IEEPA's legislative history focused on asset freezes, not trade barriers"
  ]
}